昆明理工大学2012年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)
考试科目代码：240 考试科目名称 ： 单考英语
试题适用招生专业 ： 单考
考生答题须知
1． 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Vocabulary (20%)
Direction: In this section, there are 40incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1. The boss discharged the cook for his incompetence. The word "discharged" here means_____.
A. laid down B. laid off C. laid away D. laid up
2. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground.
A．crude B. raw C. rough D. tough
3. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his _____ to any kind of natural environment.
A. inclination B. domination C. adaptability D. availability
4. It takes years of hard work to _____ a good dictionary.
A. compose B. comply C. construct D. compile
5. O'Neill's ideas have been _____ to a great deal of criticism from those who consider them as scientific dreaming.
A. adjusted B. corresponded C. subjected D. yielded
6. The actors have to _____ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.
A. make up B. paint up C. cover up D. do up
7. The design of this architecture show a great deal of _____.We have never seen a building of such a type before.
A. conventionality B. originality C. formulation D. fascination
8. India and Pakistan have 0.3 and 0.4 hectares of cropland per person _____.
A. relatively B. proportionally C. particularly D. respectively
9. I'm in no _____ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.
A. emotion B. mood C. tendency D. sense
10. Jim, the newly elected director, had to reorganize the entire office; he angrily complained of his _____, who had been so incompetent that everything was left in a mess.
A. successor B. ancestor C. predecessor D. forefather
11. I don't know if the story is true, but I'll try to _____ it.
A. verify B. identify C. reinforce D. conform
12. The polar explorers took every precaution to _____ the dangers of their trip.
A. optimize B. standardize C. energize D. minimize
13. Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals he was _____ of new development in his field.
A. intellectual B. subtle C. ignorant D. tedious
14. The plane _____, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.
A. smashed B. clashed C. struck D. crashed
15. Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more _____ than the wooden box.
A. terminal B. durable C. persistent D. ultimate
16. The employer _____ the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in short hand.
A. dictated B. examined C. copied D. imitated
17. Mrs. Brown is so _____ about her housework that servants will not work for her.
A. special B. especial C. peculiar D. particular
18. In a speech he made today, the President of Passagonia advocated the_____ of nuclear arms and said that his country was ready for "urgent and effective measures to_____ the arms race."
A. expansion/hinder B. propulsion/end C. escalation/curtail D. elimination/curb
19. The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutual respect they hold for one another, will_____. a firm basis for further development of their economic ties.
A. compromise B. compensate C. contribute D. constitute
20. Both countries have declined to_____ the treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, partly out of concern for the other's supposed intentions.
A. praise B. assess C. void D. endorse
21, Soldiers in full battle gear took up _________ outside the Presidential Palace as tens of thousands of demonstrators slowly marched towards the building.
A. trenches B. position C. situation D. deployment
22. If you can do without the few _________ pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life has to offer.
A. rational B. pastoral C. humorous D. scornful
23. Modern ocean-liners offer you a great variety of _________ comforts.
A. hospitable B. infamous C. ludicrous D. civilized
24. These figures will give you a rough idea as to the cost of _________ a sports car.
A. running B. accessories C. how expensive D. license plate.
25. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is next to impossible to _________ the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront us.
A. foretell B. forbid C. forsake D. fortify
26. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out an imaginary, non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no _________ person would ever indulge in.
A. self-conscious B. self-respecting C. self-indulgent D. self-sacrificing
27. Grandma has no authority over the children and lets them do anything they like. They're completely _________, as a result.
A. spoilt B. damaged C. humorous D. scornful
28. She is very _________; you just couldn't make her walk pass under a ladder.
A. credulous B. religious C. supernatural D. superstitious
29, Don't forget to wish your elders many happy _________ on their birthdays.
A. returns B. celebrations C. anniversaries D. congratulations
30. In the medical profession, men ............. women by two to one.
A. outlive B. outdo C. outshine D. outnumber
31. Aggressiveness, the violent expression of selfishness, is relatively simple to explain in evolutionary _________ .
A. texts B. words C. terms D. lectures
32. Only over the past few decades have we come to understand how surprisingly much of what we do may be _________ by the kind of creatures we are and especially by the information stored in our genes.
A. enlarged B. influenced C. avoided D. gestured
33. Scientists have become increasingly _________ with the fact that genes not only govern physical characteristics but they also play a large role in behavior.
A. critical B. impressed C. indistinct D. intensified
34. In the normal brain a large number of substances were _________ that were later found to be abnormal in quantity or metabolism(新陈代谢)in a substantial variety of neurological (神经病学的) disorders.
A. identified B. deviated C. overtaken D. appointed
35. Severe difficulties must be _________ before cloning can be done with mammals and humans
A. concluded B. overcome C. aggravated D. endangered
36. After entering the cave and turning on their powerful arc-lights (弧光灯), they saw great stalagmites(石笋) — some of them over fifteen meters high— rising up like tree trunks to meet the stalactites _________ from the roof.
A. balanced B. scaled C. suspended D. weighed
37. City born and city bred, I have always _________ the country as something you look at through a train window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend.
A. derived from B. dominated C. evacuated D. regarded
38. Some people keep talking about the friendly villagers, the unpolluted atmosphere, the _________ to nature that one feels and the gentle pace of living out there in the country.
A. homesickness B. rhythm C. replacement D. closeness
39. But they fail to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are only interrupted by a(n) _________ visit to the local cinema _________virtually the sole form of entertainment.
A. occasional B. sophisticated C. steady D. retrospective
40. Acting on the contention (争论) that facts are _________ , reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
A. notorious B. sacred C. contradictory D. indifferent
Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: In this part there are 4 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
It is hard to imagine a more perfect gift than a fine watch, which lasts a lifetime and can become a family heirloom (传家宝). “Other gifts that you give don’t last very long,” says vice president Karl-Friedrich Scheufele of Geneva-based Chopard. “And there are very few that stay with the person wherever they go. This is the amazing thing about watches—they are both beautiful and intimate. You have one on your wrist and you remember a happy time in your life when you look at it.”
For something so personal, choosing the right watch demands corresponding care. Here is a brief look at some trends watch buyers will encounter this season:
The most obvious trend in watches this season is the overwhelming popularity of sports watches in stainless steel. Yellow gold and two-tone watches of gold and steel are out—and full steel is in.
With the steel trend comes sportiness, which has been the industry’s watchword口号, as it were, for the past three years. Generally speaking, the demand for large-scale steel-case designs—with either steel or leather straps—has led to a great supply of large, even bulky, designs for both men and women. “There is a demand for watches that are bigger and bolder,” says Suryia Hill, media-relations manager for Roberge Watches Geneva.
At Citizen, bulky sports watches are the big sellers. “People like to differentiate themselves with their watches, and calm, thin designs are not popular at the moment,” says Willi Richter, general manager of Hamburg-based Citizen Watch Europe GmbH. “Young, middle-aged and even older people these days want to show that they are active, so they prefer bold, active watches.”
For Patek Philippe, which has been building luxury gold watches since 1839, the recent move to steel has created a new market of younger buyers. “To our surprise, we found that even our traditional customers wanted to buy our sportier new steel designs,” says Anne Kretz, Patek Philippe’s public-relations manager in Geneva.
41. A fine watch is regarded as a perfect gift for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ______.
A. it can last a very long time B. everyone needs a watch
C. it stays with the gift receiver D. it is a witness of a person’s happy moments
42. What does “in” (Par. 3, last sentence) mean?
A. Used. B. Welcome. C. Popular. D. Obtainable.
43. What can be inferred from paragraph 4, sentence 1?
A. Sportiness goes together with steel.
B. Sportiness has been the password for some years.
C. It seems as if sportiness were the password.
D. Sports watches have been popular for some years.
44. All of the following can be used to describe the current trends in watches EXCEPT ______.
A. sports B. calm C. bold D. steel
45. This text is most probably ______.
A. a part of an advertising section B. a part of a sales catalog
C. a trend analysis D. a technical paper
Passage 2
Astronomers believe that the expanding universe is the result of an enormous and powerful explosion called the Big Bang. The Big Band theory may explain how the universe formed. The Big Bang theory states that the universe began to expand with the explosion of concentrated matter and energy and has been expanding ever since. According to the theory, all the matter and energy in the universe was once concentrated into a single place. This place, of course, was extremely hot and dense. Then some 15 to 20 billion years ago, an explosion—the Big Bang—shot the concentrated matter and energy in all directions. The fastest moving matter traveled farthest away. Energy, too, began moving away from the area of the Big Bang.
If the Big Bang theory is correct, the energy left from the Big Bang will be evenly spread out throughout the universe. This energy is known as background radiation. And indeed, scientists have discovered that the background radiation is almost the same throughout the entire universe. This constant background radiation is one observation that supports the Big Bang theory.
After the initial Big Bang, the force of gravity began to affect the matter racing outward in every direction. Gravity is a force of attraction between objects. All objects have a gravitational (万有引力的 ) attraction. This force of gravity began to pull matter into clumps.
At some time, the clumps formed huge clusters of matter. These clumps became the galaxies (星系) of the universe. But even as the galaxies were forming, the matter inside the galaxies continued to race away from the area where the Big Bang had occurred. And this is just what astronomers have discovered. All of the galaxies are speeding away from the center of the universe. Most astronomers feel that the Big Bang theory leads to two possible futures for the universe: an open universe and a closed universe.
46. What is the passage mainly concerned?
A. Center of universe. B. Open or closed universe.
C. The Big Bang theory. D. Gravitational attraction.
47. According to the passage, the Big Bang theory is important because it sheds light on （阐明）their ______.
A. formation of the galaxies B. formation of the universe
C. formation of the stars D. formation of the planets
48. It can be inferred from the passage that, during the initial Big Bang, matter traveled at _____ speed.
A. different B. the same C. a constant D. an even
49. According to the passage, galaxies were formed because of _____.
A. the expansion of the universe B. the contraction of the universe
C. background radiation D. the force of gravity
50. The galaxies kept on moving and even today they are moving in a direction that is ______.
A. towards the center of the universe B. away from the center of the universe
C. towards Earth D. away from Earth
Passage 3
In the developed countries, the dominant factor in the next society will be something to which most people are only just beginning to pay attention: the rapid growth in the older population and the rapid shrinking of the younger generation. Politicians everywhere still promise to save the existing pensions system, but they – and their constituents – know perfectly well that in another 25 years people will have to keep working until their mid-70s, heath permitting.
What has not yet sunk in is that a growing number of older people – say those over 50 – will not keep on working as traditional full-time nine-to-five employees, but will participate in the labor force in many new and different ways: as temporaries, as part-timers, as consultants, on special assignments and so on. What used to be personnel and are now known as human resources departments still assume that those who work for an organization are full-time employees. Employment laws and regulations are based on the same assumption. Within 20 or 25 years, however, perhaps as many as half the people who work for an organization will not be employed by it, certainly not on a full-time basis. This will be especially true for older people. New ways of working with people at arm’s length will increasingly become the central managerial issue of employing organizations, and not just of businesses.
The shrinking of the younger population will cause an even greater upheaval, if only because nothing like this has happened since the dying centuries of the Roman Empire. In every single developed country, but also in China and Brazil, the birth rate is now well below the replacement rate of 2.2 live births per woman of reproductive age. Politically, this means that immigration will become an important and highly divisive issue in all rich courtiers. It will cut across all traditional political alignments结盟. Economically, the decline in the young population will change markets in fundamental ways. Growth in family formation has been the driving force of all domestic markets in the developed world, but the rate of family formation is certain to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration of younger people. The homogeneous同类的mass market that emerged in all rich countries after the Second World War has been youth-determined from the start. It will now become middle-age-determined, or perhaps more likely it will split into two: a middle-age-determined mass market and a much smaller youth-determined one. And because the supply of young people will shrink, creating new employment patterns to attract and hold the growing number of older people (esp. older educated people) will become increasingly important.
51. The passage is mainly about
A the influence of aging problem. B he shrinking of younger population.
C the changing of working style. D the change of consuming pattern.
52. From the passage, we learn people will have to keep working until their mid-70s because of
A overall improvement of people’s health condition.
B old people’s high qualification.
C the lack of young employee.
D the great need for more employee by new economy.
53. According to the author, which of the following is true about the situation in 20 or 25 years?
A There will be stricter laws and regulations on employment.
B There will be fewer people who take full-time jobs.
C There will be more older employees.
D There will be more people who work at home and far from each other.
54. What does the word “upheaval” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably mean?
A great achievement B ill influence
C good effect D great change
55. 59. The influence that the reduction of young people has on economy may include the following but
A. the appearing of mass market centering the young.
B. the shift of the market center from the young to the middle-aged.
C. the shrinking of the population who gets to form family.
D. the tendency for the market to split into two ones.
Passage 4
Public relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion or public reaction about an idea, a product, or an organization. The field of public relations has become an important part of the economic, social and political pattern of life in many nations. That field includes advertising, promotional activities, and press contact. Public relations also exists at the same time in business with marketing and merchandising to create the climate in which all selling functions occur.
Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with many problems, to build prestige声望 for an individual or a group, to promote products, and to win elections. The majority of public relations workers are staff employees working within a corporate or institutional framework. Others operate in public relations counseling firms.
In industry, public relations personnel keeps management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics (that is, the groups of people whose support is needed): employees, stockholders, customers, suppliers, dealers, the community, and the government. These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action or lack of action on the behavior of the target audiences. Once an organizational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communicating this information to the public using methods that promote understanding, and desired behavior. For example, a hospital merger合并, an industrial plant closing, or the introduction of a new product all require public relations planning and skill.
Public relations activities are a major part of the political affairs in many nations. Politicians seeking office, government agencies seeking acceptance and cooperation, officials seeking support for their policies, and foreign governments seeking aid and allies同盟 abroad all make extensive use of counseling services provided by public relations specialists.
Public relations also play an important role in the entertainment industry. The theater, motion pictures, sports, restaurants, and individuals all use public relations services to increase their business or add to their image. Other public relations clients are educational, social service and charitable institutions, trade unions, religious groups, and professional societies.
The successful public relations practitioner从业者 is a specialist in communication arts and persuasion. Specialized skills are required to handle public opinion research, media relations, direct mail activities, institutional advertising, publications, film and video production, and special events. Public relations services are so far virtually unused in many developing nations, but they are likely to be a future government concern.
56. In the paragraph one, the author mainly tells us
A. the methods of public relations.
B. the activities of public relations.
C, the functions of public relations.
D. the definition of public relations.
57. According to the text, what would a public relations person probably do after a decision is made in industry?
A. Give some suggestions to the decision-maker.
B. Set up face-to-face communication with the public.
C. Organize some special events like press conference.
D. Plan and have some promotional activities.
58. The text mentions all of the following statements EXCEPT that
A. the various functions involved in the work of a public relations practitioner.
B. the public relations activities play a very important role in the political life.
C. the entertainment world attaches great importance to public relations activities.
D. the field of public relations may cover promotional activities and press conference.
59. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Public relations play an important role in the entertainment industry.
B. All practitioners in public relations are good at persuasion.
C. Public relations are only popular in advanced countries.
D. Public relations have not been heard of in developing countries.
60. Based on the information from the text, which of the following people do you think can benefit most from public relations services?
A. Stockholders. B. Presidents. C. Artists. D. Scholars.
Part III Translation (20%)
Directions: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
Dreams are said to be the window to the mind. Through the study of dreams, we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels. No all dreams are the same, however, either in content or in meaning. In this respect, the study of bad dreams, nightmares, can yield interesting observations in regard to the mind and status of the dreamer. Indeed, nightmares appear to have been the subject of far more studies than more pleasant dreams, if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention.
The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to factors in our waking lives. Whether it be emotional challenges, stress in the workplace, relationship problems or a myriad无数的 of other possible factors, the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams. A particular dramatic or traumatic experience during the day would no doubt be encountered again in some form or another during the night.
Part IV Writing (20%)
Direction: In this part, you are required to write a letter in accordance with the following requirements.
With continued economic development, Chinese people’s working hours are getting longer and longer. As overtime becomes “prevalent”, stories of young people dying in the office have become quite common. It is estimated that 70% of intellectuals are on the verge of dying of exhaustion caused by overwork. What can be done to prevent the tragedies? Write a letter of no fewer than 200 words to the local newspaper and share your opinion with the readers. The suggested title is
“An Open letter on Death Caused by Overwork”.
